MOOD

Mood is the range of use of a verb to describe an action or state.

In English, there are three moods.

1.      Indicative Mood (Modus Indikatif).

2.      Imperative Mood (Modus Bentuk Perintah).

3.      Subjunctive Mood (Modus Bentuk Pengandaian).

I.     INDICATIVE MOOD

Indicative mood is form of verbs or category form of verbs that describe the act or fact situation.

The use of Indicative mood

a.  To make a statement or assert the fact.

Children go to school.

He does not like mangoes.

He is rich.

b.  To present questions.

   Have you forgotten my name?

   Are you well?

c.  To clarify supposition that reputed as a fact.

    If you work hard, you will pass. (Imagine it’s the fact that you work hard)

II.   IMPERATIVE MOOD

Imperative mood is use for clarify:

a.    A command

Go there.

March on.

Don’t make a noise.

b.    An advice or admonition

Be punctual.

Don’t smoke.

Take care of your children.

c.    Request, prayer

Please don’t disturb me.

Have pity on us.

Please help me in this matter.

Note : Imperative mood only use in present tense and second person. Subject (you or thou) usually will be clear. But if

Let me come there.

III.  SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

In grammar subjunctive is a verb form to express doubts, wishes, circumstances, purpose, or condition. Subjunctive mood is rarely used in contemporary English.

a.    Pretension, expectation

I wish I knew his name.

God bless you!

b.    Purpose

Write it down lest you should forget it.

I move that Budi be appointed chairman.

c.    Requirement or supposition that not fact.

If I were rich, I should help the poor with money.

Subjunctive with wish, if only, would rather, as if, and as though.

Sentence pattern

Fact                          Subjunctive

Simple Present                Simple Past

Simple Past                     Past Perfect

1.  Wish

Subjunctive  : I wish I had a car. (past)

Fact             : I don’t have a car. (present)

Subjunctive  : She wishes she had seen the film. (past perfect)

Fact             : She didn’t see the film. (past)

2.  If only

Subjunctive  : If only you came earlier. (past)

Fact             : You don’t come earlier. (present)

Subjunctive  : If only Dian had been at home. (past perfect)

Fact             : Dian wasn’t at home. (past)

3.  Would rather

Subjunctive  : I would rather the children had breakfast. (past)

Fact             : The children don’t have breakfast. (present)

Subjunctive  : I would rather it had been hot. (past perfect)

Fact             : It wasn’t hot. (past)

4.  As if/ As though

Subjunctive  : She talks as if she knew everything. (past)

Fact             : She doesn’t know anything. (present)

Subjunctive  : She talked about London as if/as though she had been there. (past perfect).

Fact             : She never went there. (past)

In Subjunctive we always use to be were for all subject.