Articles are words used with a noun to show whether the noun it refers to a specific instance or example of it is general and not specifically mentioned.
There are three definite article in English, is a, an, and the. In fact they are adjectives, which is Demonstrative Adjective.
There are three definite article in English, is a, an, and the. In fact they are adjectives, which is Demonstrative Adjective.
There are 2 types of the article.
1. The Indefinite Article
A and an is called indefinite article because they did not show anything specific, clear and certain.
A dog bit her
A. An or an
A or an is only used before a noun which can be calculated. a or an is often not translated.
A=> We use a before words beginning with a consonant.
A=> We use a before words beginning with a consonant.
She saw a cow
There is a man in the car
An=> We use an before words beginning with a vocal.
An elephant
An apple
We also use an before words beginning with the letter h if h is not pronounced. We say a hero because of the letter h is spoken, but we say an hour because of noise h omitted.
Other word such as heir, heiress, honest, honorarium, honorary, honourable, also use an because h is not pronounced.
When the first vowel in a word is pronounced like long u sound or noise you, we use a instead of an in front of the word, like a European, a union, a utility, a university, a uniform. But an uncle, an umbrella does not use a.
B. We also use a or an if there is an adjective before the noun.
A boy
An intelligent boy
C. We use a or an
1. To introduce a noun that can be calculated in a sentence.
I have a ball and a pencil.
2. To refer to someone or something as a representative of a class.
A pupil should obey his teacher.
3. To say the rate, speed, size, dose, and others. in all of this statement a or an mean of each / every.
I want only half a cup.
4. Before the names of professions / jobs.
Dian does not want to be an accountant.
5. A sometimes mean the same / similar.
The shirts are all of a size.
6. In a phrase that states the amount or quantity.
She purchased a dozen bananas.
7. In exclamations.
What an idea!
8. Before the names of people to claim ignorance on someone.
There is a Mr. Bayu at the door. Does anyone here know him?
9. Sometimes the indefinite article before proper nouns used to describe a person or other object.
I will build a Taj Mahal in memory of my wife.
10. Indefinite article may be used after many, Such, quite, and rather.
She is such a nice person.
Quite a distance.
11. A should be placed within or an adjective and a noun when the adjective is preceded by so, as, too, how.
It is not so big a victory as you think.
D. We not use a or an
1. Before uncountable nouns
We don’t say : She gave me an advice. We must say She gave me a piece of advice.
Sometimes in a certain way, the article a and an can be used before uncountable nouns. But it must be changed countable nouns.
Give me paper for writing. (Paper is uncountable noun)
He read a paper on films for children at the conference (Paper is the essay)
2. To express the mood or specificity of these meals, we may use the definite article a or an.
We had a hearty lunch today.
2. The Definite Article
The called definite article because it explains and demonstrates a particular object or person.
We ran to catch the bus
The definite article used the same for all single or plural nouns, and is used for all genders.
1. The commonly used for people or things that have been mentioned.
There is a boy outside. Ask the boy to come in.
2. The is used for nouns when it is definitely a reference or references and the context is clear.
This is the flat I live in. The bedrooms are small but the drawing room is quite large.
3. Sometimes context is shown in a noun phrase that follows. If so, load the definite article noun.
The boys of this class are very naughty.
4. Sometimes shown in the context of a noun clause that follows. Nouns also use / need the definite article.
The clothes he is wearing are expensive.
5. Sometimes the context is not so disclosed publicly, but it was understandable.
Clean the floor properly.
6. We do not use the definite article with the material and abstract nouns when the noun is used by the public.
Give me water to drink.
But if the material and abstract nouns used as specific / specialized in sentences with the help of a phrase or a clause, the words of such objects using the definite article.
The water in the jug is unclear.
7. The use prior to a single noun that can be counted if it represents a class or kind.
The bus is the cheapest means of travel.
8. The names of buildings or places, such as churches, courts, schools, hospitals, prisons do not need the definite article when we want to make the point, purpose, and usefulness of the names of buildings or places, as appropriate.
We go to church on Sunday.
But if that is just a building or place, we use the definite article.
There is a church across the river.
9. Do not use the in plural nouns when they are used in the general sense.
Mangoes are sweet.
But if the plural noun is used specifically, we use the definite article.
The dogs in the street ran after the poor beggar.
10. The is used before the names of the inhabitants of a country.
The English live in England.
but we do not use the before names of language.
English is studied all over the world.
11.Proper nouns usually do not use the definite article, but sometimes there are exceptions. The is used before the name of the mountain (not before one of the mountain or the top), rivers, lakes, seas, ocean, canal, deserts, island groups, and state that represents the union of the countries are smaller.
The Mediteranian Sea lies between Europe and Africa.
We do not say The Mount Everest, but Mount Everest.
12.We use the name in front of government departments, ministries, organizations, famous buildings, ships, aircraft and others.
The Merpati flies to the U.S.A every Monday
13. Use The in front of the names of the holy book.
I have read the Qur’an.
14. We use the in front of names things or the unique things.
The earth moves round the sun.
15. Use the before superlatives.
Give me the best book on the subject.
16. The is used in front of adjective and adverb in comparative form.
The bigger the house, the costlier it will be.
The faster you run, the more you fell tired.
17. The in front of adjective as plural words. The + adjective represent group of peoples.
The sick
But, sometimes the + adjective can have meaning as single noun.
The unexpected
If the + adjective use in plural nouns, we use plural verbs and pronouns they. But the + adjective use in singular nouns, we use singular verbs.
They accused was brought into the court.
18. The use in front of adjective of nationality or names or nationality.
The American
We use plural verbs for the + adjective/names of nationality.
The English are fond of sport.
19. The use with names of family. The + names of family use to clarify family.
The Michael ( Keluarga Michael).
20. The use in front of human activities, especially music instrument.
She plays the violin.
21. The use in front of number
She was the first woman to speak.
22. The use in front of nouns to clarify the important words/thing.
The last word has not been said.
3. Removal of the article
1. We do not use the definite article in front of the noun phrase that follows the phrase. Such as kind of, type of, and sort of.
2. We we do not use the definite article in phrases such on foot, by bus, by train, by air, etc.
3. Do not use the definite article in front of the names of the feast.
Christmas is a time for joy.
4. We do not use the definite article when talking about family names, such as mothers, fathers, uncles, and aunts.
Mother wants you immediately.
But we can say:
A mother always loves her child.
5. We do not use the definite article when talking about the disease or complaint or complaints.
He has high fever.
But we use the complaints of a general hospital:
He has a bad cold.
6. We do not use the definite article in front of common nouns are used in the sense of breadth.
What kind of flower is it?
7. Definite article is not used before the name of the material / materials.
Gold is precious metal.
8. Usually do not use the definite article in front of the proper noun.
Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia.
But when we use the definite article in front of the proper noun, the article is a common noun.
This man is a second Einstein
9. Definite article is used before abstract nouns are used in a general sense.
Honesty is the best policy.
We can use abstract nouns when the limited means by adjectives, adjective phrases, or clauses.
The wisdom of Solomon is famous.
10. Do not use the definite article in front of the language.
She prefers English.
11. Definite article is not used before the name of subjects / courses and fields of study.
Physic and Mathematics are his favorite subject.
12.Definite article is used before a noun that cannot be calculated with reference to ideas or things in general.
Health is wealth.
13. Do not use the definite article in front of the predicative noun to indicate the special position occupied at a particular person.
He was elected chairman of the Board.
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